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加州第 47 号提案，减少部分犯罪的刑罚倡议 (2014)
https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_47,_Reduced_Penalties_for_Some_Crimes_Initiative_(2014)
加州第 47 号提案
选举日期 2014 年 11 月 4 日
哪些犯罪受到了影响？
该措施要求对以下罪行判处轻罪而非重罪：[16][17]
商店行窃，被盗财产价值不超过 950 美元
重大盗窃，被盗财产价值不超过 950 美元
接受被盗财产，财产价值不超过 950 美元
伪造，伪造支票、债券或汇票的价值不超过 950 美元
欺诈，欺诈性支票、汇票或订单的价值不超过 950 美元
开空头支票，支票价值不超过 950 美元
个人使用大多数非法药物
2015 年 1 月，宣布多达 100 万加州人可能有资格根据第 47 号提案更改其记录中的过去重罪定罪。
谁支持该措施？
该倡议由旧金山地区检察官乔治·加斯康 (George Gascón) 和前圣地亚哥警察局长威廉·兰斯当 (William Lansdowne) 推动。 支持者将其称为“安全社区和学校法案”。
后果
辩论：第 47 号提案是否导致加州犯罪活动增加？
第 47 号提案是一项 2014 年通过的投票倡议，它对随后几年犯罪活动的影响是加州辩论的话题。
是的：第 47 号提案导致犯罪活动增加。
第 47 号提案导致犯罪活动增加的说法集中在该提案将某些重罪降为轻罪的条款上。
“有些人算了一笔账，‘嘿，你知道，我不想超过 950 美元，所以让我偷价值 949 美元的财产吧’，”旧金山警察局长威廉·斯科特 (William Scott) 说。[1]圣地亚哥警察局长 Shelley Zimmerman 将第 47 号提案描述为“一张虚拟的免于入狱的通行证”。[2]
加州公共政策研究所 (PPIC) 发布了一份报告，该报告发现第 47 号提案与“盗窃案增加，尤其是机动车盗窃案”之间存在关联。研究人员发现暴力犯罪与第 47 号提案之间没有任何关系。“我们估计第 47 号提案导致盗窃率上升，每 10 万居民中约有 135 人被盗窃，与 2014 年的盗窃率相比增长了近 9%”，报告指出。PPIC 使用合成对照组来估算该州的犯罪率。[3] 加州警察局长协会主席、摩根山警察局长 David Swing 回应说，PPIC 的结论“与全州警察局长自 2014 年以来所见的情况一致”。[4]
California Proposition 47, Reduced Penalties for Some Crimes Initiative (2014)
California Proposition 47
Election date November 4, 2014
Which crimes were affected?
The measure required misdemeanor sentencing instead of felony for the following crimes:[16][17]
-
- Shoplifting, where the value of property stolen does not exceed $950
- Grand theft, where the value of the stolen property does not exceed $950
- Receiving stolen property, where the value of the property does not exceed $950
- Forgery, where the value of forged check, bond or bill does not exceed $950
- Fraud, where the value of the fraudulent check, draft or order does not exceed $950
- Writing a bad check, where the value of the check does not exceed $950
- Personal use of most illegal drugs
In January 2015, it was announced that as many as 1 million Californians could be eligible to change past felony convictions on their records under Proposition 47. [19]
Who supported the measure?
The initiative was pushed by George Gascón, San Francisco district attorney, and William Lansdowne, former San Diego police chief.[20] Supporters referred to it as The Safe Neighborhood and Schools Act.
Aftermath
Debate: Did Proposition 47 cause an increase in criminal activities in California?
The effect of Proposition 47, a ballot initiative approved in 2014, on criminal activities in succeeding years is a topic of debate in California.
Yes: Proposition 47 caused an increase in criminal activities.
The claim that Proposition 47 caused an increase in criminal activities focuses on the proposition's provision reducing certain felonies to misdemeanors.
"Some people calculate, 'Hey, you know, I don't want to go over the $950, so let me steal $949 worth of property'," said San Francisco Police Chief William Scott.[1] San Diego Police Chief Shelley Zimmerman described Proposition 47 as a "virtual get-out-of-jail-free card."[2]
The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) released a report that found a relationship between Proposition 47 and "a rise in larceny thefts, especially thefts from motor vehicles." Researchers found no relationship between violent crimes and Proposition 47. "We estimate that Prop. 47 led to a rise in the larceny theft rate of about 135 per 100,000 residents, an increase of close to 9 percent compared to the 2014 rate," the report stated. The PPIC utilized a synthetic control group to approximate the state's crime rate.[3] Morgan Hill Police Chief David Swing, president of the California Police Chiefs Association, responded, saying that the PPIC's conclusions "are consistent with what police chiefs across the state have seen since 2014."
