酰卤是有机合成中非常重要的中间体，可以由其制备酰胺和酯。酰氯主要通过二氯亚砜，草酰氯和三氯氧磷制备，另外Vilsmeier试剂也有用到。
Vilsmeier试剂较贵，在氯化亚砜中加入少量DMF催化会直接生成Vilsmeier试剂中间体，接着生成酰氯。
酰氟要比酰氯稳定的，其对水和其他亲核试剂都较为稳定，其可通过三氟均三嗪在吡啶的存在下制备(Tetrahedron lett. 1991,32（10)，1303)。并可以通过层析分离出来。酰氟对水和其他亲核试剂，易于保存和使用方便，我们有时可以利用它进行酰胺类化合物库的合成。
反应实例
1、应用二氯亚砜合成酰氯示例（Practical organic chemistry）
Fit a 100 mL two-necked flask with a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser connected at the top to a gas absorption trap. Place 36 g (21.5 mL, 0.3 mol) of redistilled thionyl chloride in the flask and 22 g (23mL, 0.25 mol) of butyric acid in the separatory funnel. Heat the flask gently on a water bath, and add the butyric acid during the course of 30-40 minutes. When all the acid has been introduced, heat was on a water bath for 30 minutes. Rearrange the apparatus and distillation: collect the crude acid chloride boiling between 70 and 110 ℃.
Finally, restil from a flask provided with a short fractionating column and collect the butyryl chloride at 100-101 ℃. The yield is 23 g (86 %).
Note: Wrap a piece of absorbent cotton wool around the stem of the reflux condenser above the joint of the reaction flask to prevent condensed。
2 、用草酰氯合成酰氯示例（J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 5183-5191.）
4 、三氟均三嗪合成酰氟示例【Tetrahedron lett. 1991,32（10），1303】
Typical experimental detail: equimolecular amount of the amino acid, pyridine and cyanuryl fluoride are mixed and stirred for 3~4 hours in dichloromethane at room temperature. At that time, ice-water is added to the reaction mixture and the precipitated canuric acid is filtered off the organic phase is dried and evaporated to dryness, which generally leaves the pure amino acid fluoride in crystalline form.
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