欧尔班·维克多 (Viktor Orbán) 对欧洲“种族混合”的攻击引发公愤

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/24/viktor-orban-against-race-mixing-europe-hungary

匈牙利极右翼总理称种族混合的国家“不再是国家”

肖恩·沃克在布达佩斯和弗洛拉·加拉姆沃尔吉

  2022 年 7 月 24 日 16:46（英国夏令时）

匈牙利极右翼总理欧尔班维克托在一次演讲中猛烈抨击了欧洲和非欧洲种族的“混合”，立即引起了反对党和欧洲政界人士的愤怒。

“我们（匈牙利人）不是混血儿……我们也不想成为混血儿，”欧尔班周六表示。 他补充说，欧洲人和非欧洲人混合的国家“不再是国家”。

欧尔班多年来一直在提出类似的主张，但这些评论都是以赤裸裸的极右翼措辞表达的。

来自反对党动力党的欧洲议会议员卡塔琳·切赫 (Katalin Cseh) 表示，她对总理的讲话感到震惊。“他的言论让我想起了我们都想忘记的一段时光。 他们确实展现了该政权的真实面目，”她说。

切赫在推特上对匈牙利的混血儿说：“你们的肤色可能不同，你们可能来自欧洲或其他地方，但你们是我们中的一员，我们为你们感到骄傲。 多样性会增强国家实力，而不是削弱国家实力。”

罗马尼亚欧洲议会议员阿林·米图萨也对欧尔班的言论做出愤怒回应。 “谈论种族或民族‘纯洁性’，尤其是在中欧和东欧这样一个混合地区，纯粹是妄想和危险的。 欧尔班先生也是如此，”他在推特上写道。

欧尔班是在罗马尼亚伯伊莱图什纳德举行的年度演讲中发表上述言论的，此前他曾在那里提出过重大政策想法或意识形态方向。 2014 年，他首次表示要在匈牙利建立“非自由民主”。

今年，欧尔班发表了一场世界末日演讲，预测西方的衰落，并预言“充满危险、不确定性和战争的十年”。 他还尖锐批评西方对乌克兰的军事支持，将自己定位为莫斯科在欧盟内最重要的盟友。

欧尔班在周六的一次演讲中表示：“北约向乌克兰提供的现代化武器越多，俄罗斯就越会推动前线前进……我们正在做的就是延长战争。”

匈牙利是北约成员国，但极右翼欧尔班长期以来与普京保持着友好关系，并在俄罗斯入侵前不久的二月份在莫斯科与俄罗斯领导人进行了五个小时的交谈。 这次讲话是在他的外交部长出人意料地前往莫斯科进行会谈两天后发表的，这使他远远超出了欧洲关于战争的共识。

欧尔班表示，西方的任务不应该是希望乌克兰获胜，而应该是调解和平协议。 他说：“我们不应该站在俄罗斯一边，也不应该站在乌克兰一边，而应该站在两者之间。”他补充说，对俄罗斯实施制裁的政策没有奏效。

乌克兰外交部发言人奥列格·尼科连科将欧尔班的说法描述为“俄罗斯的宣传”。

欧尔班在今年早些时候的选举中赢得了连续第四个任期，他的政府被指控自青民盟 2010 年掌权以来扼杀媒体自由并在民主规范上倒退。自 2015 年难民危机以来，欧尔班政府一直以极右翼反移民言论作为主要论点。

周六，他频频提及“大替代”阴谋论，该理论声称有人阴谋通过移民来稀释美国和欧洲国家的白人人口。 他表示，“说欧洲人口已经是混血儿”是“国际主义左派的意识形态伎俩”。

他将人口统计、移民和性别视为未来的主战场，就在同一天，数千人在布达佩斯集会，参加该市一年一度的骄傲游行。

欧盟委员会目前正在就匈牙利最近颁布的一项反 LGBTQ+ 法律提起诉讼，该法律是俄罗斯“同性恋宣传”法的翻版。 它禁止同性恋者出现在学校教材或针对未成年人的电视节目中。

欧尔班在乌克兰问题上的立场使他失去了一些以前的意识形态盟友的支持，特别是波兰执政的法律与正义党，该党批评了他在战争问题上模棱两可的立场。

布达佩斯政治资本智囊团的彼得·克雷科（Péter Krekó）表示：“他比以往任何时候都更加远离欧洲主流。” “我认为他确实相信，移民压力将意味着统一的西方很快就会结束，每个政府都将变得极右……而且很明显，他希望俄罗斯赢得这场战争。”

欧尔班希望在 9 月的意大利选举中回归右翼联盟，并支持唐纳德·特朗普在 2024 年回归。下个月，他将前往德克萨斯州达拉斯，在那里他将在美国保守派大型集会 CPAC 上发表讲话。 今年早些时候，CPAC 在布达佩斯主办了一次特别会议。

在国内，欧尔班与欧洲机构的斗争似乎可能会进一步加剧。 出于腐败和法治问题，欧盟冻结了专门用于匈牙利的数十亿欧元复苏资金。 欧尔班的严厉言论可能表明匈牙利政府已经放弃接受资金。

克雷科说：“他清楚地知道这次演讲会引起什么反应，我认为他正在为不妥协做好准备。” “他想要进行象征性的斗争，而不是谈论他们需要采取的紧缩措施。”

Viktor Orbán sparks outrage with attack on 'race mixing' in Europe

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/24/viktor-orban-against-race-mixing-europe-hungary

Hungary's far-right prime minister says countries where races mingle are 'no longer nations'

Hungary’s far-right prime minister, Viktor Orbán, has lashed out against the “mixing” of European and non-European races, in a speech that immediately drew outrage from opposition parties and European politicians.

“We [Hungarians] are not a mixed race … and we do not want to become a mixed race,” said Orbán on Saturday. He added that countries where European and non-Europeans mingle were “no longer nations”.

Orbán has been making similar claims for years, but these comments were couched in stark far-right terms.

Katalin Cseh, an MEP from the opposition Momentum party, said she was appalled by the prime minister’s speech. “His statements recall a time I think we would all like to forget. They really show the true colours of the regime,” she said.

On Twitter, Cseh addressed mixed-race people in Hungary: “Your skin colour may be different, you may come from Europe or beyond, but you are one of us, and we are proud of you. Diversity strengthens the nation, it doesn’t weaken it.”

The Romanian MEP Alin Mitu?a also responded angrily to Orbán’s comments. “Speaking about race or ethnic ‘purity’, especially in such a mixed region such as central and eastern Europe, is purely delusional and dangerous. And so is Mr Orban,” he wrote on Twitter.

Orbán made the remarks during a showpiece annual speech in B?ile Tu?nad, Romania, where he has previously floated major policy ideas or ideological directions. It was there, in 2014, that he first said he wanted to build an “illiberal democracy” in Hungary.

This year, Orbán gave an apocalyptic speech predicting the decline of the west and prophesying “a decade of peril, uncertainty, and war”. He also sharply criticised western military support for Ukraine, positioning himself as Moscow’s foremost ally inside the European Union.

“The more modern weapons Nato gives the Ukrainians, the more the Russians will push the frontline forward … What we are doing is prolonging the war,” said Orbán during a speech on Saturday.

Hungary is a member of Nato, but the far-right Orbán has long had warm relations with Putin, and spent five hours in Moscow talking to the Russian leader in February, shortly before the Russian invasion. The speech came two days after his foreign minister made a surprise trip to Moscow for talks, and puts him far outside the European consensus on the war.

Orbán said the job of the west should not be to hope for a Ukrainian victory, but to mediate a peace deal. “We shouldn’t be on Russia’s side, or Ukraine’s side, but between the two,” he said, adding that the policy of imposing sanctions on Russia had not worked.

Oleg Nikolenko, spokesperson for Ukraine’s foreign ministry, described Orbán’s claims as “Russian propaganda”.

Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office in an election earlier this year, with his government accused of stifling media freedom and backsliding on democratic norms since his Fidesz party won power in 2010. Since the 2015 refugee crisis, Orbán’s government has used far-right anti-migration rhetoric as its main talking point.

On Saturday, he made frequent nods to the “great replacement” conspiracy theory, which claims there is a plot to dilute the white populations of the US and European countries through immigration. He said it was “an ideological trick of the internationalist left to say the European population is already mixed race”.

He named demographics, migration and gender as the main battlefields of the future, on the same day that thousands of people rallied in Budapest for the city’s annual Pride march.

The European Commission is currently suing Hungary over a recent anti-LGBTQ+ law, a copy of Russia’s “gay propaganda” law. It bans gay people from featuring in school educational materials or TV shows aimed at minors.

Orbán’s position on Ukraine has lost him support among some of his previous ideological allies, notably Poland’s ruling Law and Justice party, which has criticised his equivocal stance on the war.

“He’s further away from the European mainstream than ever before,” said Péter Krekó, of the Political Capital thinktank in Budapest. “I think he really believes that migration pressures will mean the united west is soon over and every government will become far right … It’s also clear he wants Russia to win this war.”

Orbán will be hoping for Italian elections in September to return a rightwing coalition, and is also rooting for the return of Donald Trump in 2024. Next month, he is due to travel to Dallas, Texas, where he will address CPAC, a large gathering of American conservatives. Earlier this year, CPAC hosted a special session of the conference in Budapest.

At home, Orbán’s battle with European institutions seems likely to intensify further. The EU has frozen several billion euros of recovery funds earmarked for Hungary over corruption and rule-of-law concerns. Orbán’s harsh speech may be a sign that the Hungarian government has given up on receiving the funds.

“He knows exactly what reaction there would be to this speech, and I think he’s preparing for a lack of compromise,” said Krekó. “He wants to fight the symbolic fight instead of talking about the austerity measures they will need to introduce.”