Vinegar improves lipid profiles and suppresses fat accumulation

High dietary cholesterol will induce significant increases in liver cholesterol and triacylglyceride concentrations [18] which can lead to health complication such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Intriguingly, vinegar supplementation is one of effective and low cost medications suggested to reduce the formation of triacylglycerides in the liver [19] by elevating hepatic glutathione (GSH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels, as well as catalase (CAT) and glutathione

Vinegar reduces hyperglycaemia and improves insulin secretion

Many types of vinegars namely, apple cider vinegar [32], ginsam vinegar [15], and TV [24••] are capable of reducing postprandial blood glucose [33, 34, 35] and alleviating insulin resistance [2, 35] as well as increase insulin production [26]. As shown in Table 1, Yusoff et al. [6] reported that an aqueous extract of nypa palm vinegar (NPV) significantly increased insulin serum concentration by enhancing production in beta-cells and also boosted beta-cells differentiation. Vinegar could

Vinegar inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells

As shown in Table 1, vinegar derived from sugar cane (known as ‘Kibizu’), Kurosu, vinegar derived from rice, and Izumi, a Japanese black vinegar made from unpolished rice showed anticancer properties by hindering the differentiation of human cancer cells via necroptosis and promoting apoptosis [7, 8, 12]. Budak et al. [1] reported that Kurosu treatment for various cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, bladder carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma cells) might

Vinegar as a natural disinfectant

Since Ancient Greece era, vinegar has been used generously as an antifungal and anti microbacterial due to its extreme low-pH in presence of acetic acid as main constituent [12]. Entry of acetic acid into cell membranes of microorganism leads to bacteria cell fatality. Antibacterial activity of vinegar depends on several factors including bacterial strain, temperature, pH, acetic acid concentration, and ionic strength. Acetic also was recognized as the best organic acid in eradicating 

Conclusion

Vinegar is a natural food which has several potential therapeutic benefits. The health-promoting components that contribute towards vinegar's health benefits could be acetic acid and other bioactive compounds. Various sources of vinegar (apple cider vinegar, PV, TV and others vinegar) have been shown to potentially alleviate obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, cancer and other health complications. The therapeutic effect of vinegar could be due to several mechanisms of actions. Further research

References and recommended reading

Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as:

• of special interest

•• of outstanding interest