风萧萧_Frank
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风萧萧 公平自由贸易 摧毁落后国家农业生产
风萧萧 2018年4月24日 于加拿大
2018年4月24日，文章 《中兴门:芯片还算不上危机，真正的危机是粮食》令我深思。
西方鼓吹的公平自由贸易，限制他国政府扶持自己的经济，其最大的危害，就是摧毁其它国家不发达的工业和农业。最突出的国家是海地，有报道：With cheap food imports, Haiti can't feed itself 有便宜的进口粮食，海地人却在挨饿。这说明，尽管海地自己产的农产品成本高，但是，农民有事儿做，有饭吃。农业被廉价进口粮食击垮之后，农民没钱买，反而挨饿了。
其实，发达国家的政府都用各种手段间接或直接对农业进行经济补贴，尽管如此，由于农业生产的特殊性，必须承受孤独和辛苦，迫使年轻一代逃离农业生产，投向工业区，享受繁华的现代生活。加拿大的农业，就是如此。
我曾经看过一个帖子，一位华裔同胞买了农场，务农，太辛苦了，发牢骚，夏天，割不完的野草，成群的大蚊子叮咬，睁开眼睛忙到黑，总有干不完的活。
中国农业也有长足进步，在平原地区，尽管受所有制的制约，散户手中的田地，还是通过各种方式向大户集中，国家对购买农机提供补贴，基本实现了机械化。还有可喜的是，大户把散户的田地通过租赁的方式集中起来，种植经济作物，提高收益，散户作为工人为大户打工，各有所得，相得益彰。
中国人聪明，尽管受自然资源困乏的制约，粮食供应不是问题。
中兴门: 芯片还算不上危机，真正的危机是粮食
转载 作者：杨昭友 博讯北京时间2018年4月23日
https://boxun.com/news/gb/pubvp/2018/04/201804231219.shtml
2018年4月17日，美国政府宣布，在未来七年内禁止向我国中兴出售以生产手机等通讯器材为主的元器件，其中包括芯片。 此消息一出 ，刺痛了国人的神经，从上到下，从媒体到坊间闲谈，都在直呼 “中兴危机”，“中兴之痛”。然而，这算不上什么危机。诚然，美国制裁中兴 ，是对中兴釜底抽薪，会在短期内给中兴带来困难 。对中华民族来说，不会因为美帝的骄横而造成天下大乱，不会导致政权倾覆，相反，会激起中国接受教训，摆脱唯美国马首是瞻的思维，结束对美国大资产阶级的依附。
真正的危机是什么呢？是粮食！
可以设想一下，如果我们的粮食严重依赖美国，我们的种子严重依赖美国，突然有一天，美国宣布对华实行粮食禁运，中国会是什么局面？不消说，一个谣言缺粮就会导致人心惶惶（例如食盐紧缺谣言，就造成抢购食盐），只要粮食开始短缺，国内有钱人就会抢购，囤积居奇；没粮的为生存就会铤而走险，会抢劫，会犯罪。仅此一招，中国就会乱成一锅粥（大明王朝就是因为饥荒直接导致政权倾覆的，曾造成上亿的人死于战乱）。这样，美国则会趁人之危，有限出口粮食，抬高粮价，同时扶持傀儡，颠覆中国政权，把中国大卸八块。
也许有人说我危言耸听。但危机是潜在的。18亿亩的耕地红线已经突破，而且耕地还在继续减少。广大的农村已经有大量的土地荒芜。
我们的土地荒芜，与美国有关系吗？有！
美国通过粮食出口补贴，对我国实行粮食倾销，使我们的农民种粮无利可图，为了生存，不得不抛荒土地，寻找其他活路。而一家一户的小农生产，无法实现机械化，无法用大农业来提高农业生产的效率，使粮食产量逐年减少，更加剧对美国粮食的依赖。
现在的农村，已经是老人农业和妇女农业，再过十年，还有谁在一亩三分地上坚持？
毫无疑问，这种小农生产，无法解决中国人民吃饭问题，而一家一户的承包，又制约了机械化、集约化生产。虽然土地流转、大户转包能在短期内解决部分粮食生产，可中国人口多，粮食需要量大，各地气候、地形地貌不同，不是都适合大户承包，也不能从根本上解决粮食问题。且由于中国重商轻农和因计划生育孩子不多，大户承包也有后继乏人的问题。 未来的土地谁来种？中国的粮食依靠谁？不用说，继续这种局面，就得依靠进口，就得依赖美国，最后被美国把玩于股掌之中。
中兴被制裁，其实没什么了不起，顶多是困难几年，不会死人，不会大乱 。只要有人，哪怕没手机，没电视，没汽车，经过独立自主、艰苦奋斗，几年后一切都可以创造出来。可是，没有饭吃，即使全国的房子都用黄金建造，没了人，一切都成了废物。
写此短文，只为天下苍生祈福，希望制订政策的人们，未雨绸缪，摆脱XG精神的桎梏，走适合中国农业发展的康庄大道。
本人写过《中国农村应该何处去》、《再论中国农村何处去》，对中国农业有过详细论证。因公众号无法再发，网友们可直接百度搜索标题找到文章。
With cheap food imports, Haiti can't feed itself
Decades of cheap imports, especially rice from the U.S., punctuated with abundant aid in various crises, have destroyed local agriculture and left impoverished countries such as Haiti unable to feed themselves.
updated 3/21/2010 7:41:15 AM ET
PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti — The earthquake not only smashed markets, collapsed warehouses and left more than 2.5 million people without enough to eat. It may also have shaken up the way the developing world gets food.
Decades of inexpensive imports — especially rice from the U.S. — punctuated with abundant aid in various crises have destroyed local agriculture and left impoverished countries such as Haiti unable to feed themselves.
While those policies have been criticized for years in aid worker circles, world leaders focused on fixing Haiti are admitting for the first time that loosening trade barriers has only exacerbated hunger in Haiti and elsewhere.
They're led by former U.S. President Bill Clinton — now U.N. special envoy to Haiti — who publicly apologized this month for championing policies that destroyed Haiti's rice production. Clinton in the mid-1990s encouraged the impoverished country to dramatically cut tariffs on imported U.S. rice.
"It may have been good for some of my farmers in Arkansas, but it has not worked. It was a mistake," Clinton told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 10. "I had to live everyday with the consequences of the loss of capacity to produce a rice crop in Haiti to feed those people because of what I did; nobody else."
Clinton and former President George W. Bush, who are spearheading U.S. fundraising for Haiti, arrive Monday in Port-au-Prince. Then comes a key Haiti donors' conference on March 31 at the United Nations in New York.
Those opportunities present the country with its best chance in decades to build long-term food production, and could provide a model for other developing countries struggling to feed themselves.
"A combination of food aid, but also cheap imports have ... resulted in a lack of investment in Haitian farming, and that has to be reversed," U.N. humanitarian chief John Holmes told The Associated Press. "That's a global phenomenon, but Haiti's a prime example. I think this is where we should start."
Haiti's government is asking for $722 million for agriculture, part of an overall request of $11.5 billion.
That includes money to fix the estimated $31 million of quake damage to agriculture, but much more for future projects restoring Haiti's dangerous and damaged watersheds, improving irrigation and infrastructure, and training farmers and providing them with better support.
Haitian President Rene Preval, an agronomist from the rice-growing Artibonite Valley, is also calling for food aid to be stopped in favor of agricultural investment.
American-grown is cheapest
Today Haiti depends on the outside world for nearly all of its sustenance. The most current government needs assessment — based on numbers from 2005 — is that 51 percent of the food consumed in the country is imported, including 80 percent of all rice eaten.
The free-food distributions that filled the shattered capital's plazas with swarming hungry survivors of the Jan. 12 earthquake have ended, but the U.N. World Food Program is continuing targeted handouts expected to reach 2.5 million people this month. All that food has been imported — though the agency recently put out a tender to buy locally grown rice.
Street markets have reopened, filled with honking trucks, drink sellers clinking bottles and women vendors crouched behind rolled-down sacks of dry goods. People buy what's cheapest, and that's American-grown rice.
The best-seller comes from Riceland Foods in Stuttgart, Arkansas, which sold six pounds for $3.80 last month, according to Haiti's National Food Security Coordination Unit. The same amount of Haitian rice cost $5.12.
"National rice isn't the same, it's better quality. It tastes better. But it's too expensive for people to buy," said Leonne Fedelone, a 50-year-old vendor.
Riceland defends its market share in Haiti, now the fifth-biggest export market in the world for American rice.
But for Haitians, near-total dependence on imported food has been a disaster.
Cheap foreign products drove farmers off their land and into overcrowded cities. Rice, a grain with limited nutrition once reserved for special occasions in the Haitian diet, is now a staple.
Imports also put the country at the mercy of international prices: When they spiked in 2008, rioters unable to afford rice smashed and burned buildings. Parliament ousted the prime minister.
Now it could be happening again. Imported rice prices are up 25 percent since the quake — and would likely be even higher if it weren't for the flood of food aid, said WFP market analyst Ceren Gurkan.
Three decades ago things were different. Haiti imported only 19 percent of its food and produced enough rice to export, thanks in part to protective tariffs of 50 percent set by the father-son dictators, Francois and Jean-Claude Duvalier.
When their reign ended in 1986, free-market advocates in Washington and Europe pushed Haiti to tear those market barriers down. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, freshly reinstalled to power by Clinton in 1994, cut the rice tariff to 3 percent.
Impoverished farmers unable to compete with the billions of dollars in subsidies paid by the U.S. to its growers abandoned their farms. Others turned to more environmentally destructive crops, such as beans, that are harvested quickly but hasten soil erosion and deadly floods.
Restoration efforts
There have been some efforts to restore Haiti's agriculture in recent years: The U.S. Agency for International Development has a five-year program to improve farms and restore watersheds in five Haitian regions. But the $25 million a year pales next to the $91.4 million in U.S.-grown food aid delivered just in the past 10 weeks.
The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization also distributed 28 tons of bean seeds in mountainous areas this month, with plans this week to distribute 49 tons of corn.
The G8 group of the world's wealthiest nations pledged $20 billion for farmers in poor countries last year. The head of the FAO called this week for some to be given to Haiti.
President Barack Obama's administration has pledged to support agriculture in developing nations. U.S. Republican Sen. Richard Lugar of Indiana has sponsored legislation to create a White House Global Food Security coordinator to improve long-term agriculture worldwide, with a budget of $8.5 billion through 2014.
Even Haiti's most powerful food importers have joined the push for locally produced food.
"I would prefer to buy everything locally and have nothing to import," said businessman Reginald Boulos, who is also president of Haiti's chamber of commerce.
But one group staunchly opposes reducing food exports to Haiti: the exporters themselves.
"Haiti doesn't have the land nor the climate ... to produce enough rice," said Bill Reed, Riceland's vice president of communications. "The productivity of U.S. farmers helps feed countries which cannot feed themselves."
