网上监视违宪吗? 斯诺登有罪吗?
1. 鉴定标准:
---- 如果是为了一党私利, 政府在网上监视打压删除或封锁持不同政见者的言论的做法就是违宪, 因为言论自由是宪法赋予公民的权利。
---- 为了国家安全国家利益的网上监视, 则是无可非议的。
2. 斯诺登事件后, 有人在问: 美国政府监视电话网络是否违反了宪法?
a. 政府监视是否违法违宪要看监视的内容及用于什么目的。 是为了国家安全国家利益,还是为了打压持不同政见者反对党或政敌。 为了国家安全国家利益的监视则不违反宪法; 在中国,政府在网上监视打压删除或封锁持不同政见者的言论的做法就是违宪,因为言论自由是宪法赋予我国公民的权利。 到目前为之,还没听说美国政府在网络监视共和党的活动。
b. 尽管网络监视是为了国家的安全和利益而不是为了打压持不同政见者反对党或政敌,但也有可能不必要的使监视范围太大而侵犯了公民的隐私权。 其实,这倒是美国人民现在最关心的,而且OBAMA也在采取各种措施纠正这些问题。 在这里,实际上已是一个国家安全与个人隐私之间的如何平衡的问题。 有人说安全重于个人隐私,有人说更在意个人隐私。 怎么办? 最后只有国会根据民意投票表决一个法案。 实际上,机场的安检也属同类事情。
c. 其实,SNOWDEN 事件后,OBAMA已经提名了一个知名的"公民自由隐私"维权人士参与政府的网络监视机构作为WATCHDOG。 实际上,国会也在对此调查听证。
所以说,不用为人家操心。美国的司法是独立的,宪法不是一张废纸。
3. 美国前总统卡特评NSA网络监视, 并表示忧虑和关切:
Former US president Jimmy Carter has admitted he uses snail mail to evade
monitoring by the National Security Agency and that he feels such surveillance methods have been abused.
"When I want to communicate with a foreign leader privately, I type or write a letter myself, put it in the post office, and mail it," Carter said with a laugh, as he was questioned on the matter on NBC's "Meet the Press" program.
"I have felt that my own communications are probably monitored," he said on the Sunday show.
A trove of documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden have sparked outrage in the United States and abroad about the vast capabilities... ...
4. Snowden 有罪或无罪?
现在任何人(包括OBAMA你我及所有美国老百姓)说SNOWDEN有罪或无罪都不算数。OBAMA的司法部也只是执行公务对此事调查取证,把这个案子呈交给独立的法院起诉,同时SNOWDEN及他的辩护律师也会(应)到法院反驳司法部的指控,即"对博"公堂。 在美国,这么大的案子,肯定还需要陪审团(JURY)来做有罪或无罪的票决。 这样在法官的主持下,控辩双方唇枪舌战向大陪审团呈递自己的证据并依法力争。 最后,大陪审团经充分讨论后投票表决被告人是否有罪。然后,向法庭宣读结果(VERDICT)。
Snowden 有罪或无罪 depends on the documents he leaked:
--- 如果他泄露的文件损害了美国国家安全或国家利益,那么他就是有罪的。
--- 如果他泄露的文件仅仅是让世人知道美国的监视扩大化,没必要的监视一般老百姓,可能侵犯公民隐私,那么,他是无罪的。 其实,美国政府已采取措施,取消没必要的大规模收集DATA。
所以说,不要着急,慢慢看来。美国的司法是独立的,宪法不是一张废纸。 还记得吗?在纽越时报与总统尼克松的"泄密"官司中,美国最高法院判总统败诉,纽越时报赢了那场官司。 依据是新闻自由受宪法保护。
5. WASHINGTON POST 帮着SNOWDEN泄漏了"国家机密", 其主编没被撤职.
---- WASHINGTON POST 帮着SNOWDEN泄漏了"国家机密", 其主编没被撤职. 而该报还因此得了新闻最高奖(普利策奖). 我们中国能做到这样吗?
---- 还记得李文和间谍案吗? 当年,CLINTON 的司法部长起诉李文和是间谍, 最后怎么样? 法院判决李文和无罪释放, 白宫败诉。
----不用担心,人家有独立的司法系统,会作出公正的判决的。 我们中国能做到这样吗? 生生以莫须有的罪名把国家主席刘少奇撤职并打成叛徒冤死。中国宪法称"公民有言论自由",却把写了几篇文章的刘晓波打入监狱。
6. 美国人民不但辩论抗议,而且还起诉NSA监视违宪:
Judge: NSA domestic phone data-mining unconstitutional
By Bill Mears and Evan Perez, CNN
updated 8:52 PM EST, Mon December 16, 2013
Washington (CNN) -- A federal judge said Monday that he believes the government's once-secret collection of domestic phone records is unconstitutional, setting up likely appeals and further challenges to the data mining revealed by classified leaker Edward Snowden.
U.S. District Judge Richard Leon said the National Security Agency's bulk collection of metadata -- phone records of the time and numbers called without any disclosure of content -- apparently violates privacy rights. ... ...
7. 在民众抗议下,OBAMA提议停止大规模收集网上DATA:
Obama to Call for End to N.S.A.’s Bulk Data Collection
By CHARLIE SAVAGEMARCH 24, 2014
WASHINGTON — The Obama administration is preparing to unveil a legislative proposal for a far-reaching overhaul of the National Security Agency’s once-secret bulk phone records program in a way that — if approved by Congress — would end the aspect that has most alarmed privacy advocates since its existence was leaked last year, according to senior administration officials.
Under the proposal, they said, the N.S.A. would end its systematic collection of data about Americans’ calling habits. The bulk records would stay in the hands of phone companies, ... ...
8. 美国众议院通过议案 禁止国安局监听民众电话
House Votes to Limit N.S.A.’s Collection of Phone Data
By JONATHAN WEISMANMAY 22, 2014
WASHINGTON — The House on Thursday voted overwhelmingly to rein in the National Security Agency’s sweeping collection of telephone records, approving legislation that sharply divided technology advocates and civil libertarians but united the White House, conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats.
The 303-to-121 vote sent an unambiguous signal that both parties are no longer comfortable with giving the N.S.A. unfettered power to collect bulk surveillance data. A year ago, a divided House nearly voted to strip all money from the N.S.A. for such surveillance, over the protests of the Republican leadership. ... ...
9. 结论:
---- 在民主的美国,People are speaking, Government is listening, Democracy is working!
---- 在我们的一党独裁制度下,一个中央红头文件下达,即使它是多么的不公平, 又有谁敢抗议?
中国宪法称"公民有言论自由",却把写了几篇文章的刘晓波打入监狱。
更不幸大是,就在加州轰轰烈烈的抗议SCA5保卫教育权利的华人中,有许多人却天天在网上诋毁谩骂攻击民主制度,攻击"言论自由", 攻击刘小波博士许志永博士,并不遗余力地为中共独裁辩护。 这是多么的讽刺和悲哀!