蓝月星雨
本人信奉之蓝人准则：但求三餐不愁。睡大觉，喝小酒，穿花衣裳。
联合维护和平
By Jeremy Brecher
ZNet 2003.3.20
世界各地，不论政府还是人民都在要求联合国大会根据《联合维护和平》决议插手美国率领的进攻伊拉克的行动。美国慌忙预防性地向世界各国要求“避免”呼吁联合国大会紧急特别会议。下面是美国在世界各国要求联合国大会召开紧急会议之后竭力阻挠启动“联合维护和平”行动的清单。
1． 美国预防性封杀联大会议
美国驻智利大使布朗士菲尔德证实发出过此信，说是希望“避免更多的外交麻烦”，他并透露向世界所有国家都发出了这一内容的信。
尽管布朗士菲尔德大使说智利在安理会的立场不会影响自由贸易协议，他公开批评了智利在最后一刻提出的给伊拉克更多时间解除武装的建议。La Tercera的报道说在新闻发布会后，在被问到如果智利不支持美国将来是否会遭到报复时，他说，“我不否认或肯定任何可能性。将来自会有将来的答案。”
在巴巴多斯，来自外交渠道的消息说美国国务院向当局发出了一个紧急通知强调美国将参与这种会议的行为视做“敌视美国国家利益”。在牙买加，外交部的官员证实美国在昆士敦的使馆转达了来自华盛顿布什政府希望如果联大召开上述会议牙买加最好不要参与的口信。外交部副部长富兰克林对牙买加观察说，“我的理解是美国使馆联络我们拒绝支持联大召开会议。”
2． 俄罗斯杜马，以及许多国家，呼吁“联合维护和平”
联合国
外交官们告诉CNN，“不结盟运动的成员国—占联合国成员总数2/3强的国家—讨论了在《联合维护和平》决议下召开联大紧急会议。”
俄罗斯
国家下议院杜马，“因美国和英国率领的对伊拉克的军事行动”以226对101通过了要求俄罗斯总统寻求联合国大会召开紧急特别会议。上院对此也持同样的看法。联邦国际事务委员会主席马格洛夫说，“召开联大紧急特别会议是必要的。”国防和安全委员会负责人奥斯洛夫对“（美国）这一行动向穆斯林世界的扩张和加速国际恐怖份子的脚步”表示忧虑。工业政策委员会第一副主席沙提洛夫则表示，联大会议可以考虑由于石油泄漏和油井着火对“陆地，空气和水域”产生的严重生态灾难而影响俄罗斯上空的大气层。
马来西亚
马来西亚，现任116国组成的不结盟运动的主席国，谴责美国率领的对伊拉克的进攻“是侵略行为”。执行总理巴达维说，马来西亚作为不结盟运动的主席国，“将与不结盟运动的成员国一道磋商寻找恰如其分的行动方法。”
印度尼西亚
印尼总统马哈维提呼吁联合国安理会召开要求美国及其盟国停战的紧急会议。“如果行不通，联合国大会应该召开会议讨论这个问题”，马哈维提夫人在一个内阁特别会议后说。
巴西
巴西总统达斯尔瓦说，“与包括联合国秘书长安南在内的区域及世界各国领导人探讨了召集反对对伊拉克采取军事行动的各国首脑在联大开会讨论替代军事冲突的可能性。”
澳大利亚
澳大利亚议会民主党领袖巴特来参议员要求政府引用377号决议（联合维护和平）在联合国大会提出伊拉克战争问题。“联大应该授权，比如说，武检团完成核查使命。绝大多数会员国投票通过的反战决议会给美国，英国和澳大利亚施加更多的压力去考虑（自己的行为）”
巴基斯坦
在伊斯坦布尔召开的一个包括前空军负责人和前外交部长的研讨会上，发言者们倡议“这个问题应该被提到联合国大会，而战争应该由一个2/3多数通过的决议制止。”
梵帝冈
梵帝冈司法和平委员会负责人，16年来一直担任梵帝冈驻联合国代表一职的大主教马迪诺说联大可以召开包括所有联合国会员国的紧急特别会议，“在这种情况下，所有国家都可以发言和投票，国际社会的全体成员可以面对自己的责任。”
英国
英国和平组织CND表示，“联合国的权威被毁坏了。CND要求联合国通过动用《联合维护和平》决议召开联大全体会议质疑战争而恢复自身的信誉”
妇女
数千名来自35个以上国家妇女组织的妇女在新徳里示威，强烈要求“联合国会员国运用他们的权利根据377号决议召开联合国大会紧急特别会议停止轰炸和避免灾难”。在参加者中，有来自叙利亚，俄罗斯，中国，德国，瑞典，法国，加拿大和土耳其的妇女。
绿色和平组织的旗舰彩虹战士封锁了美国海军海岬之角向伊拉克战争运送武器的航线。“绿色和平组织呼吁联合国所有成员国阻止西班牙，英国和美国无视联合国宪章私自发动对伊拉克的非法战争。” 绿色和平组织说，联合国大会的191个成员国应该动用联合国377号决议，即《联合维护和平》决议，召集紧急特别大会。在日本，日本绿色和平组织呼吁政府提倡动用联合维护和平决议。在华盛顿，绿色和平组织的示威者也要求动用《联合维护和平》决议。
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译者附
联合国大会《联合维护和平》决议
By Jeremy Brecher
ZNet
March 20, 2003
All over the world, governments and civil society groups are proposing to take the US-led attack on Iraq to the UN General Assembly under a procedure known as "Uniting for Peace." The US is so alarmed that it has launched a preemptive attack with a letter to all countries in the world which "demands" that they avoid "calls for an emergency session of the General Assembly. Here's a report on the US efforts to block "Uniting for Peace," followed by reports from around the world on the effort to convene the UN General Assembly to challenge US aggression against Iraq. 1. US PREMPTIVE ATTACK AGAINST A UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY MEETING
The Chilean newspaper La Tercera reports that their embassy in Washington received a letter from the U.S., technically called a "non paper," that "demands" that they "focus on the real challenges that are to come and avoid provocative steps within the Security Council such as condemning resolutions or calls for an emergency session of the General Assembly. Such steps will not change the path that we are on, but will increase tensions, make divisions deeper and could provoke more damage to the UN and the Security Council."
US Ambassador to Chile Brownsfield confirmed that the letter was sent, saying it was in the hopes of "avoiding more diplomatic problems." He said it was sent to all the countries of the world. Although Ambasador Brownsfield has said that Chile's position on the Security Council resolution won't affect the Free Trade Deal, he publicly criticized Chile's last-minute proposal to give Iraq more time to disarm. La Tercera says that after the press conference, he told individual journalists asking about whether there would be reprisals against Chile in the future if they don't support the U.S.: "I don't reject or accept anything. The future will develop however it develops." In Barbados, diplomatic sources said the US State Department had sent an urgent note to regional governments stressing that the US would see the region's participation in such a meeting as "inimical to its national interest." In Jamaica, foreign ministry officials confirmed that the US Embassy in Kingston had verbally passed on a message from Washington that the Bush administration would prefer that Jamaica stay away if the General Assembly is in fact called into session. "My understanding is that we were contacted by the US Embassy asking us to refrain from giving support in relationship to what they understand to be a General Assembly meeting," junior foreign minister, Delano Franklyn, told the Jamaica Observer. 2. RUSSIAN DUMA, MANY OTHERS, CALL FOR UN "UNITING FOR PEACE"
UNITED NATIONS
Diplomats told CNN that "members of the U.N.'s non-aligned nations - underdeveloped countries that make up more than two-thirds of the U.N. - had discussed calling an emergency session of the General Assembly under the 'Uniting for Peace' resolution."
RUSSIA
The State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, approved 226 to 101 a resolution calling on the Russian president to seek a UN General Assembly emergency session "due to the military action launched by the United States and Britain against Iraq." The same position is reportedly shared by the upper chamber. Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Federation Council Mikhail Margelov "said it is necessary to call urgently a session of the U.N. General Assembly." Head of the Defense and Security Committee Viktor Ozerov expressed anxiety for "an explosion in the Moslem world, and this will lead to stepped-up operations of international terrorists." First deputy chairman of the Industrial Policy Committee Sergaei Shatirov said the General Assembly should take into account the threat of a serious ecological disaster that "can affect land, air and water" connected with fires at oil deposits and wells which could affect the atmosphere in Russia.
MAYLASIA
Malaysia, current chairman of the 116-nation Non Aligned Movement, condemned a US-led attack on Iraq as "an illegal act of aggression." Acting Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi said that Malaysia, in its capacity of the Non-Aligned Movement chairman, "Will be consulting member countries of NAM on the appropriate course of action."
INDONESIA
Indonesian President Megawati Soekarnoputri called on the UN Security Council to hold an emergency meeting to urge the US and its allies to stop the war. "If that was not possible, the UN General Assembly should meet to discuss the issue, Mrs. Megawati said after a special cabinet meeting."
BRAZIL
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has been "speaking to regional and international leaders - including U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan - about the possibility of summoning those world leaders opposed to war to a meeting of the General Assembly to discuss alternatives to armed conflict."
AUSTRALIA
Leader of the Democrats in the Australian parliament, Senator Andrew Bartlett, called on governments to use Resolution 377 (Uniting for Peace) to put war in Iraq before the UN General Assembly. "The assembly could mandate, for example, that the inspection regime be permitted to complete its inspections. An overwhelming vote against war by the nations of the world would increase the pressure on the United States, United Kingdom and Australia to reconsider."
PAKISTAN
At a seminar in Islamabad speakers including a former Air Force Chief and a former Secretary General of Foreign Affairs, the speakers advocated that "The matter should be taken to the UN General Assembly and war should be averted by gaining two-thirds majority in the Assembly."
VATICAN
Archbishop Renato Martino, head of the Vatican's justice and peace council and for 16 years Vatican representative to the UN, said that the UN General Assembly could hold an emergency session of all its members. "In that case, all the countries could talk and vote, and the entire international community would face its responsibilities."
BRITAIN
British peace organization CND said, "The authority of the UN has been destroyed. The CND calls upon the UN to restore its own credibility by using the resolution uniting for peace to call for a full general assembly of the UN and to question this war."
WOMEN
Thousands of women from women's organizations in over 35 countries demonstrated in New Delhi, demanding that "UN member states use their power to carry out the emergency application of resolution 377 to convene the UN General Assembly to stop the bombing and avoid catastrophe." Women from Syria, Russia, China, Germany, Sweden, France, Canada, and Turkey among others participated. GREENPEACE
The Greepeace flagship Rainbow Warrior blocked the U.S Navy vessel Cape Horn from delivering arms for the war against Iraq. "Greenpeace is calling on all members of the United Nations to prevent Spain, the U.K. and the U.S. from undermining the UN Charter by waging an illegal war on Iraq. Greenpeace said all 191 members of the UN General Assembly should use UN resolution 377, known as 'Uniting for Peace,' to call an emergency session." In Japan, Greenpeace Japan called on the government to promote the Uniting for Peace resolution. In Washington DC, Greenpeace demonstrators called for a "Uniting for Peace" resolution.