2019年阿奇霉素治疗流感实验，发现 : 1. 预先用阿奇霉素处理病毒，发现不影响流感病毒附着于细胞，但抑制细胞内吞，阻止病毒进入细胞；2. 新生的病毒从细胞溢出时被改变，降低了新生病毒进入其他细胞的能力。

流感病毒和新冠病毒 Covid-19 不属于同一类病毒，但都有外包脂质膜。法国医生用阿奇霉素配合治疗 Covid -19，可能是怀疑有类似抑制作用。

以前的科研积累是重要的，无法弯道超车。日本人严格、踏实、兢兢业业，值得中国人学习。

Azithromycin, a 15-membered macrolide antibiotic, inhibits influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection by interfering with virus internalization process

Dat Huu Tran, Ryuichi Sugamata, Tomoyasu Hirose, et. al.

The Journal of Antibiotics vol 72, p759–768(2019) , Published: 12 July 2019, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-019-0204-x

The pandemic influenza 2009 (A(H1N1)pdm09) virus currently causes seasonal and annual epidemic outbreaks. The widespread use of anti-influenza drugs such as neuraminidase and matrix protein 2 (M2) channel inhibitors has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses. In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity of azithromycin, a re-positioned macrolide antibiotic with potential as a new anti-influenza candidate, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to address this. Our in vitro approaches indicated that progeny virus replication was remarkably inhibited by treating viruses with azithromycin before infection; however, azithromycin administration after infection did not affect this process. We next investigated the steps inhibited by azithromycin during virus invasion. Azithromycin did not affect attachment of viruses onto the cell surface, but blocked internalization into host cells during the early phase of infection. We further demonstrated that azithromycin targeted newly budded progeny virus from the host cells and inactivated their endocytic activity. This unique inhibitory mechanism has not been observed for other anti-influenza drugs, indicating the potential activity of azithromycin before and after influenza virus infection. Considering these in vitro observations, we administered azithromycin intranasally to mice infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Single intranasal azithromycin treatment successfully reduced viral load in the lungs and relieved hypothermia, which was induced by infection. Our findings indicate the possibility that azithromycin could be an effective macrolide for the treatment of human influenza.