除了遗传因素外,青光眼的危险因素:脑脊液压力低,大量补钙补铁,近视眼,睡眠呼吸暂停,低血压,高血糖,雌激素水平低(月经初潮迟,绝经早,卵巢切除),等等。
上述各项因素可归结为,1. 血流、养分供给不足;2. 加重活性氧(reactive oxygen species)和游离基损害。这两个因素导致视神经损伤。
最近研究发现,有氧运动后,眼压显著降低,施累姆氏管扩张(有利房水流出,降低眼压)。但有氧运动对青光眼的长期影响还有待观察。
参看:
- Novel Risk Factors for Glaucoma , https://glaucomatoday.com/articles/2014-july-aug/novel-risk-factors-for-glaucoma
- Aerobic exercise reduces intraocular pressure and expands Schlemm’s canal dimensions in healthy and primary open-angle glaucoma eyes,Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 May; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186587/
- Increased Intraocular Pressure and Hyperglycemic Level in Diabetic Patients,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4803191/