2009 AP化学B卷论述题试解
(2009-08-03 16:33:52)
下一个
趁今年B卷论述题的解答还没出笼,不揣冒昧,分题试答。
B 卷第一部分第一题
(a) C2H5NH2 的分子量为45.09
14.85 g C2H5NH2 摩尔数为0.33 mole
在500.0 mL 水中的摩尔浓度为0.66 M
(b) Kb = [C2H5NH3+][OH-]/[C2H5NH2]
(c) 因为C2H5NH2 是个弱碱(kb ~ 5.7 * 10^-4),它在水中只有很小一部分离解成
C2H5NH3+ 和OH- ,平衡时,C2H5NH2 的浓度比C2H5NH3+的浓度要高。
设x 为平衡时C2H5NH3+的浓度,则
5.7 *10^-4 = x^2/(0.66 - x) x 必定小于 0.66 -x
(d) [C2H5NH2] = 0.300/2 M
[C2H5NH3+] = 0.200/2 M
(i) pOH = 14 - pH = 3.07 [OH-] = 10^-3.07
(ii) C2H5NH2 + H+ --> C2H5NH3+
(iii) [C2H5NH3+] = 0.200/2 M
(iv) Kb = 0.200 * 10-3.07/0.300 = 5.7 *10^-4
第二题
(a) [S2O32-]initial is the independent variable
(b) 1st order b/c rate is directly proportional to [S2O32-]initial
0.020 = k0.050^n
0.030 = k0.075^n
0.020/0.030 = (0.050/0.075)^n
2/3 = (2/3)^n
n = 1
(c) k = 0.020/0.050 = 0.4 s-1
(d) t = 1/k ln[A0/A] = 4.0 s
(e) initial rate slower (y coordinates lower)