Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder)分离性身份认同障碍(旧称多重性格障碍)

A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self).
患者表现为两种或以上完全不同的身份认同或性格状态(每种状态都有自身相对持久的与环境相关的认同,对环境和自身相关的思维).
B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior.
至少有两种身份或性格状态反复地控制着患者的行为.

C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
患者无法回忆起重要的个人信息,这种状态的严重程度难以用普通的健忘来解释.

D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., blackouts or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication) or a general medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures). Note: In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
这种状态不是某种物质引起(比如,酒精中毒所引起的思维停止或混乱),也不是某种身体疾病引起(如:复杂的部分癫痫发作).如果在儿童,这些症状要与儿童所有的想象性玩伴,或幻想性游戏区分.


Depersonalization Disorder自我感丧失症

A. Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body (e.g., feeling like one is in a dream).
反复持久地经历一种与自身分离的感觉,好象能够象外人那样观察自己的精神历程(感觉象在梦中一样).

B. During the depersonalization experience, reality testing remains intact.
在经历自我感觉丧失的时候,患者对现实的测试还是完整的.

C. The depersonalization causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
这种自我分离造成患者显著的痛苦,并影响到社交,工作和其他重要的功能.

D. The depersonalization experience does not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder, such as Schizophrenia, Panic Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, or another Dissociative Disorder, and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy).
这种自我分离不仅仅出现在其他精神疾病的发作过程中,比如:精神分裂症,恐慌症,急性应激障碍,或另一种分离性疾病,不是某种药物或毒品的对身体的影响,也不是某种身体疾病(如:聂叶癫痫)