History

Earlier in 1786, Mozart had produced a previous (musically unrelated) score based on the same text, as an insertion aria for the character Idamante in a revised version of his 1781 opera Idomeneo, intended for amateur performance in Vienna. For that revival, Mozart reworked the role of Idamante (originally a castrato) for the tenor voice, and the addition of this scena (recitative and rondo "Non più. Tutto ascoltai...Non temer, amato bene", K. 490) was only one of many changes that resulted from this recasting.

The K. 505 setting was written for Nancy Storace, probably for her farewell concert from Vienna on Friday, 23 February 1787 at the Theater am Kärntnertor. Mozart himself very likely played the obbligato piano part (K. 490 has a violin obbligato). The words to the aria are thought to be by Lorenzo Da Ponte.^[1] Mozart entered the work on 27 December 1786 into his catalogue with the remark: "for Mlle Storace and me." He performed it again with Josepha Duschek on 12 May 1789 in the Gewandhaussaal in Leipzig on his Berlin journey. Mozart's autograph, dated 26 December 1786, has been lost since 1945.^[2]

Instrumentation

The work is scored for two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, strings, soprano, piano.

Structure

The work consists of two sections, the recitative, 27 bars in G minor ("Ch'io mi scordi di te?") and the aria itself, 219 bars, a rondo in E-flat major ("Non temer, amato bene"). A performance takes approximately ten minutes.

The piece opens with strings alone, followed by an alternation with the soprano solo. After the opening few phrases the tempo briefly becomes faster and more rigorous, but soon returns to that of the beginning, with the voice now accompanied by the strings. This is followed by the winds’ introduction of a modulation to E-flat major, at which point the piano enters in a light, gentle almost flirtatious upwards moving passage which sets the theme of the opening of the rondo. The soprano then re-enters, the piano providing a more prominent accompaniment interspersed with solo passages. Throughout the rondo there is a considerable amount of coloratura and sustained notes. There is a sudden tempo change ushered in by the piano in rapid scales. There is then a brief passage in which the piano only accompanies the orchestra. A new theme is then introduced and repeated, after which another intense moment is introduced with repetition of the word perchè ("why?") by the soprano. After this there is a passage in the minor with only the piano and soprano. However, the winds and piano soon lead back to the major, at which point the theme of the rondo is repeated at the faster tempo. A considerable amount of coloratura from the soprano follows, culminating in two high notes which then further lead to a trill, and to the glorious ending accompanied by arpeggios in the piano.

Libretto

Idamante:

Ch'io mi scordi di te? Che a lui mi doni puoi consigliarmi? E puoi voler che in vita? Ah no! Sarebbe il viver mio di morte assai peggior. Venga la morte, intrepida l'attendo. Ma, ch'io possa struggermi ad altra face, ad altr'oggetto donar gl'affetti miei, come tentarlo? Ah, di dolor morrei! Non temer, amato bene, per te sempre il cor sarà. Più non reggo a tante pene, l’alma mia mancando va. Tu sospiri? O duol funesto! Pensa almen, che istante è questo! Non mi posso, oh Dio! spiegar. Stelle barbare, stelle spietate, perchè mai tanto rigor? Alme belle, che vedete le mie pene in tal momento, dite voi, s’egual tormento può soffrir un fido cor? (wiki)

You ask that I forget you? You can advise me to give myself to her? And this while yet I live? Ah no! My life would be far worse than death! Let death come, I await it fearlessly. But how could I attempt to warm myself to another flame, to lavish my affections on another? Ah! I should die of grief! Fear nothing, my beloved, my heart will always be yours. I can no longer suffer such distress, my spirit fails me. You sigh? O mournful sorrow! Just think what a moment this is! O God! I cannot express myself. Barbarous stars, pitiless stars, why are you so stern? Fair souls who see my sufferings at such a moment, tell me if a faithful heart could suffer such torment?