在我们讨论股市是否能有每年10%的回报前,我们需要讨论两个概念:nominal return and real return。nominal return 指的是单纯的回报,而real return指的是除去通货膨胀后的回报率。通货膨胀是对股市以生活影响极坏的。在60末到80初,美国的通货膨胀极高。那时的回报自然很差。在美国过去100 年, 包括大萧条,平均的回报率是10.9%左右。而专家们认为在将来可能要慢下来,在8% 左右。至于为什么可以达到10%而GDP一般每年增加2 – 3%, 可能上市的公司管理的好一些,可能大的基金吃小的投资者,也可能上市的很多都是跨国公司,靠掠夺其他国家尤其是不发达国家。(只不过没有以前明显而已)为什么日本股市在1989 达到高峰34,000点,而18年后才17,500 点?只怕和美国人逼日本货币升值有很大的关系。先在外国货币便宜的时候投资于外国,然后再外国货币升值后撤走资金。不需要股市涨,就有丰厚的回报。目前,人民币面临极大的压力,只怕也是同出一辙。
下面总结一下过去几十年的nominal return and real return:
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| Equities | Inflation | Real Return | Passed 30 Year Annualized Nominal Return | Passed 30 Year Annualized Real Return |
1 | 1969 | -8.4% | 6.2% | -14.6% |
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2 | 1970 | 3.9% | 5.6% | -1.7% |
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3 | 1971 | 14.6% | 3.3% | 11.3% |
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4 | 1972 | 18.9% | 3.4% | 15.5% |
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5 | 1973 | -14.8% | 8.7% | -23.5% |
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6 | 1974 | -26.4% | 12.3% | -38.7% |
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7 | 1975 | 37.2% | 6.9% | 30.3% |
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8 | 1976 | 23.6% | 4.9% | 18.7% |
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9 | 1977 | -7.4% | 6.7% | -14.1% |
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10 | 1978 | 6.4% | 9.0% | -2.6% |
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11 | 1979 | 18.2% | 13.3% | 4.9% |
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12 | 1980 | 32.3% | 12.5% | 19.8% |
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13 | 1981 | -5.0% | 8.9% | -13.9% |
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14 | 1982 | 21.4% | 3.8% | 17.6% |
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15 | 1983 | 22.4% | 3.8% | 18.6% |
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16 | 1984 | 6.1% | 3.9% | 2.2% |
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17 | 1985 | 31.6% | 3.8% | 27.8% |
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18 | 1986 | 18.6% | 1.1% | 17.5% |
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19 | 1987 | 5.1% | 4.4% | 0.7% |
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20 | 1988 | 16.6% | 4.4% | 12.2% |
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21 | 1989 | 31.7% | 4.6% | 27.1% |
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22 | 1990 | -3.1% | 6.1% | -9.2% |
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23 | 1991 | 30.5% | 3.1% | 27.4% |
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24 | 1992 | 7.6% | 2.9% | 4.7% |
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25 | 1993 | 10.1% | 2.7% | 7.4% |
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26 | 1994 | 1.3% | 2.7% | -1.4% |
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27 | 1995 | 37.6% | 2.5% | 35.1% |
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28 | 1996 | 23.0% | 3.3% | 19.7% |
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29 | 1997 | 33.4% | 1.7% | 31.7% |
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30 | 1998 | 28.6% | 1.6% | 27.0% | 12.6% | 7.0% |
31 | 1999 | 21.0% | 2.7% | 18.3% | 13.7% | 8.1% |
32 | 2000 | -9.1% | 3.4% | -12.5% | 13.2% | 7.7% |
33 | 2001 | -11.9% | 1.6% | -13.5% | 12.2% | 6.8% |
34 | 2002 | -22.1% | 2.4% | -24.5% | 10.6% | 5.3% |
35 | 2003 | 28.7% | 1.9% | 26.8% | 12.1% | 7.1% |
36 | 2004 | 10.9% | 3.3% | 7.6% | 13.7% | 9.1% |
37 | 2005 | 4.9% | 3.4% | 1.5% | 12.7% | 8.2% |
在我的第一篇文章中已经讨论过在过去一百年中,任何一个30年annualized 的风险并不比存在银行高太多,而annualized的回报率却高很多。所以不管是否在将来能达到每年10%的回报,如果要想长期投资,股票市场应该比银行强。