如何看待上市公司的花账和分析师
(2006-10-05 20:54:17)
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如何看待上市公司的花账和分析师
上市公司的花账
1)财务报表里,上一年和上一季度的数字是板上钉钉的。审计(audit)查的是这一部分。
2)对过去一年或过去一季度的财务解释,是自由的。爱怎么说就可以怎么说,审计管不了。
3)对下一季度的展望(forward looking or ESP outlook)也是自由的,爱怎么说就可以怎么说,审计不但管不了,上市公司还可以随便随时改。
4)财务报表里,任何东西包括关键的东西如EPS可在第二天修正。修正后,没有任何人会有法律责任。这可以被用来打时间差。
5)财务报表里,板上钉钉的数字算法是有学问的。比如,有些订单还没发货就列为revenue,而订单是可取消的。有些订单已发货但不列为revenue,因为买家要在下一个季度付账。这些都是可以negotiate的。所以,财务数字是很有合法弹性的。
6)花账分两种。一般谈论花账,都是把报表朝好了做,无需多言。另一种,对中小盘股,主力吸筹时,上市公司会出现故意把报表朝坏了做的现象。但一般没人因此损失了大钱,所以没人重视。这种情况出现时,报表非常坏(forward outlooking也坏),但股价不跌反而小涨,继续盘跌。
比如,CSCO历个quarter的报表,要么beat要么miss,都是一分钱。
小公司如ADSX每个季度都只赔一分钱。
AMZN pro forma前两年每个赢利季度都赢利5分。间或一个亏损季度一亏就是好几毛,就是利用收支的时间差。AMZN的进货可在90天后付账with the option to pay earlier.
point是作为散户玩长期投资太悬了。基本面不是我们玩的。
分析师猫腻也很多,要不为啥过了两三年还要restate the statement.
老美的玩意就是好,明明是纠正花账,他说是restate the statement,还有restate the statement the second time不说restate the statement again.
明明是花账算法算账,他说是creative accounting。真是滥用creative.
明明报表很好,分析师说miss the expectation.
明明报表很坏,分析师说beat the expectation.
分析师与市场主力是穿同一条裤子的。
According to the experience of a trader, if a stock already jumped a lot such as goog traded above 400 in Janauary, those analysts upgraded 5 times in 7 trading days this year, usually a stock is near a top. On the other hand, when a stock dropped 3 big waves such as sfcc in last Decenber, analyst still downgraded and it reached 12.8. usually it is a big bottom. after 4 weeks, GS clamed they bot 12.7% sfcc. sometimes they play complicated game. for example, gs want to buy a stock, mer downgraded it. next time mer wnat to buy, leh downgrade...leh want to buy, gs downgrade the dirtiest place in the world is wall street upgrade after a stock already up a lot, gererally speeking, it means some of the big holders want to sell. opposite in downgrade.