翻译是个很难的事,有很多东西英文里有,中文里可能根本就没有这个概念,反之亦然。但是,翻译中也有一些时刻,你会发现,英文中某个说法跟中文里的一个说法几乎就是一模一样,反之亦然。而且这种情况,很有可能就发生在你以为不可能的环境里,中文的说法是如此的“土”,英文哪去找对应呢?
比如中文里“难伺候”这个说法,很中国吧?但是英文里有“high maintenance”短语,它的意思,不多不少,就是难伺候,maintenance就是维护,保养,high,说维护费用很高,而这个短语,就是形容某些人很难摆平---难伺候。而且这两个中英文短语,是在互不知情的情况下发展的,却能在意思上如此贴切,真的是天意。
另外还有一些说法,可能其中文本来就是从英文来的,所以互相对应不稀奇,比如“母语”一词,很可能就是从英文的“mother tongue”来的。看过写《喜福会》的谭恩美写过一篇文章,题目就是“Mother Tongue”,她用的是双关语,讲她母亲在一个非母语国家是如何跟人交流的,所以这里“mother tongue”即指母语,也是说她母亲说的话。如果把这个题目翻译成中文,就可以用“母语”,英文里的双重意思都表达出来了,这种情况,也是绝了。
从难伺候,想到还有一个英文词叫handful,很简单的词,就是一手抓的量,作形容词,但是它有还一个有点意思的意思,就是作名词,意思是,很难对付或控制的人,说孩子时,翻译成“调皮”似乎还算可以,调皮,用其它英文词很难翻译--也许还没遇到。
20180115补:网友给出一些解释,与我的理解不完全一致,促使我上网查了一下
一,网上的Collins DIctionary字典就短语“High maintenance”给出两个基本定义,第一是指仪器,用的是其本义,不在本文讨论范围。第二原文如下
2. (informal)(of a person) requiring a high level of care and attention; demanding
(非正式用法),(指人)需要很多注意和照顾;要求很高,很难满意。
Collins字典还说,这个短语用的不多,在常用语中排在最低的50%之内。还给出一条曲线,类似股票价格走向图,给出有记录的该短语使用实例数量随年份的变化曲线,20世纪初,很少,到70年代开始多了一些,进入21世纪,比较多起来(当然,仍然在50%之下)。
二,在Google里搜high maintenance,第一条是dictionary里的定义:
high-maintenance:(adjective) needing a lot of work to keep in good condition.这条也多指仪器,略去。
(informal) (of a person or relationship) demanding a lot of attention.跟Collins字典基本一样,
"Caitlin is our only child and she's very high-maintenance"例句:凯特琳是我们的独女,她很high maintenance。
synonyms: demanding, challenging, exacting, difficult, hard to please, needy同义词:demanding,challenging,exacting,difficult,hard to please,needy
"Ernie's high-maintenance girlfriend" 娥妮是个high maintenance的女朋友。
三,Merriam-Webster网上字典里high maintenance的解释,略去关于仪器部分,
of a person : tending to cause problems or demand attention : extremely sensitive, demanding, or temperamental。然后给了一个例句
Matthäus is the greatest German sweeper since Beckenbauer, but he's high-maintenance. At various times in his career, he has accused a ref of taking bribes, scrapped with a teammate and, three years ago, ripped his universally beloved German teammate Jürgen Klinsmann in a tell-all book. —Jeff Bradley
看完了才反应过来,居然是谈德国足球运动员的。这是一个实际运用中的例句,Jeff Bradley(不知道是什么人)谈Matthaus,说他是自贝肯鲍尔(原来德国足球皇帝的英文拼法是Beckenbauer)德国最棒的清道夫(原来真的是“清道夫”sweeper直译过来,一直怀疑),但是他难伺候(high maintenance),指责裁判受贿,跟队友打架,在书中攻击普遍受欢迎的队友克林斯曼。
四,Urban Dictionary的网页上关于high maintenance的解释比较有意思,
1.Requiring a lot of attention. When describing a person, high-maintenance usually means that the individual is emotionally needy or prone to over-dramatizing a situation to gain attention,基本定义是“需要别人注意他(它,她)”,描述人的时候,high-maintenance通常指此人感情上需要关注,或者易于过分对事情戏剧化以吸引注意力。
2.A person who has expensive taste (re. clothing, restaurants, etc.). This person is never comfortable because he/she is constantly concerned about his/her appearance. This person feels they are better than most people and usually judge others based on outward appearances.品味很昂贵(衣服,饭店等)的人;此人总是不满意,因为她(他)总是注意自己的外表;此人认为自己比大多数人都要好,通常以外表取人。
例句: Anne was a high maintenance employee, with her nearly daily requests for time-off or time-shifting.安妮在单位里是个难伺候的人,几乎每天都要请假或换班。
3.A best friend you don't want.这个定义比较幽默。
另外,Urban Dictionary网页给出了high maintenance的一些特征:
-Having frequent professional cosmetic consultations, such as hair-dressing, manicures and pedicures 经常找专业美容方面顾问,比如发型,手指甲和脚指甲
-Excessive worthless spending (tricking) 过分的没价值的花销
-Attention craving
-Being too delicate or suavé
NOTE: high-maintenance is primarily used to refer to attractive straight women or a person/people that's stuck on self.注:high-maintenance主要用来指有魅力的异性恋女人或者任何人,这类人太自我。
所以,综合来看,high maintenance这个短语,指人时主要是说此人需要别人的注意乃至于使用戏剧化手法来吸引别人的注意力,很在乎自己的外表,难以取悦、满足,脾气大,问题多。虽然定义中没有特指,但是例句中往往说的是女人。
题外话:本博文读者留言中两次出现difficult(hard)to be pleased,而上面的定义中出现的形式是hard to please,我的感觉是,北美的倾向是被动语态比较少用,那怕是我们看来百分百的被动情况,当然,这里hard to be pleased绝对正确,但是hard to please也对,角度不同,我们可以说,he is hard to be pleased,也可以说,he is hard (for you)to please (him)。
下面是一个老外的英语论坛(Wordreference)上关于high maintenance的讨论的一些内容,该论坛参与者很多母语不是英语,回答的人母语应该都是英语:
问:From the sitcom Friends: Phoebe acuses Monica of being a high maintenance (I'm not sure of the word) meaning something bad. Well I know the translation in Portuguese , it would be "casca grossa" according to the subtitles. I'd like to know the usage of the expression , if it really has the meaning they gave to it: something like a very rude, rough person.
说电视连续剧《老友记》(Friends)里Phoebe指Monica是high maintenance,问是不是说她很无礼,粗鲁?
回答:It means she is demanding and difficult, not rude or rough by definition, and usually just the opposite.答:不一定无礼粗鲁,可能正相反,但是很demanding and difficult
另一条回答:High maintenance is used to describe a person, sometimes male, but more often female, who requires lots of attention. That's requires not as in needs, but meaning that she/he puts a requirement on others to pay her/him a lot of attention.Before the expression became common, we might have simply said that "XXXXX demands constant attention".
回答:high maintenance指一个人,有时男的,但是多指女的,需要吸引别人的注意,意思是这种人就是希望别人注意她(他),到不是真有什么事需要别人帮忙。
另一条回答:The expression was either coined or popularized by the film 'When Harry Met Sally'. Harry gives an explanation of what it means, something along the lines of 'wanting to be treated like a princess', as GenJen54 says, although I can't remember exactly. Sally is the worst kind: she's hight maintenance, but she thinks she's low-maintenance.
回答说这个短语是电影When Harry Met Sally里编出来的或者是因该电影而流行起来的(应该是后者,Collins字典里说,这个短语很早就出现了),Harry在电影中解释说,想被别人当作公主来对待。
另一条回答:the term "high-maintenance" is showing up with reference to casual encounters with women, not just full-blown "relationships"-- unless the liaison in question can be called "backdoor" or "on the side."说这个短语出现在与女人的关系中,不是正式的关系(full-blown),是比较随意的关系。
另一条回答:In these cases the high "cost" of maintenance is often merely literal-- money, jewelry, the "buck for the bang" quotient (to retool a phrase).说这个短语涉及钱,珠宝等
另一条回答:There also seems to be an implication that a person of high maintenance wants others to provide it (whether emotional or financial support) for them! However, that is not always the case.暗示,这种人希望别人来提供感情上或者金融方面的维护。
最后,想提一下maintenance一词的发音,这个词当然来自maintain,是其名词,maintain比较容易发音,但是maintenance一词的发音与maintain很不一样,除了第一个音节一样以外,而且其中的“te”并不构成一个音节,类似于partner中的“t”一样,几乎不发音,同样的词还有不少,比如detonator一词的第一个“ton”也是,只发很弱的“t”音,而不是“ton”。
您的ancestry免费帐号还能用吗?如果可以,能帮我查几个人吗?
1.康有为,康同璧,康有为英文不知道怎么拼写,可能是Kang Yo(或者Yu,you) Wei 康同璧有张老照片,上面是Kang Tung Pih。
2.梁启超,可能是Liang Chi Chao (Cho)
3.孔祥熙,他1901年到美国,但是Familysearch和NARA上都查不到1901年的
谢谢!
very difficult to be pleased/satisfied person. 不过,您尽管坚持哈,我没有意见了。
翻译成一根筋,也非常好。高手在网友中啊!
另外,刚刚学到一个表达“one-track mind",专注做一件事,是不是中文里的“一根筋”?